Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) Recherche rapide

Attributs

  • DISTRIBUTION: Lien Faunafri
  • Aquaculture_farming : Bruton, 1988 | De Kimpe & Micha, 1974 | Delincé, 1977 a | El Bolock, 1975 a, 1975 b | Hecht, 1981 | Hogendoorn, 1977 | Hogendoorn, 1979 | Hogendoorn, 1980 | Hogendoorn, 1981 | Hogendoorn & Vismans, 1980 | Hogendoorn & Wieme, 1975 | Kaiser et al., 1995 | Micha, 1975 b | Micha, 1975 c | Richter, 1976 .
  • Aquariology : Seegers, 2008 .
  • Behaviour / ethology : Donnelly, 1973 | Kaiser et al., 1995 .
  • Bioaccumulation/pollution : Emikpe et al., 2011 .
  • Chromosomes : Agnèse et al., 1997 | Eyo, 2005 | Ozouf-costaz et al., 1990 | Teugels et al., 1992a | Teugels et al., 1992b .
  • Colour pattern : Hanssens, 2009 | Marshall, 2011 | Seegers, 1996 | Seegers, 2008 | Skelton & Teugels, 1991 | Skelton & Teugels, 1992 | Teugels, 1986b | Teugels, 1992a | Teugels, 2003a | Teugels et al., 2007 .
  • Common names : Baleewu (Fulfulde, Pulaar: Senegal), Aalbüschelwels (German), Afrikanischer Raubwels / Kiemensackwels (German), Klarias (Greek), Tarwada (Hausa: Nigeria), Arira (Igbo: Nigeria), Imunu (Ijo: Nigeria), Kemudu (Kanuri: Nigeria), Bokalo / Ifiki / Ifutoli / Ikakalo (Kele: Democatic Republic of the Congo), Gol / Gwol / Vere / Vering (Kim: Chad), Eyisombi (Konzo: Uganda), Harlei / T-nima / Thamba (Krio: Sierra Leone), Thamba (Limba, west-central: Sierra Leone), Bokalo (Lombo: Democatic Republic of the Congo), Ndombe (Lozi: Zambia), Dera / Ongala (Luo: Kenya), Mburi (Lwena: Angola) | Hartei (Mende: Sierra Leone), Macharufu (Meru: Kenya), Kor (Nubian: Sudan), Pet cick / Pet der (Nuer: Sudan), Ejengi (Nupe: Nigeria), Bombe / Bomu / Mlamba (Nyanja: Malawi), Ambaazaa (Oromo: Ethiopia), Nisu (Pokomo: Kenya), Klarias / Stawada (Polish), Yuzhnoafrikanskaya zubatka (Russian), Inkube / Ishonzi / Isombi / Kabambare / Kamongo / Umihenzi (Rwanda: Rwanda), Kopito (Samburu: Kenya), Nsomba (Sena: Mozambique), Cogo (Shilluk: Sudan), Fihi (So: Democatic Republic of the Congo), Talage (Soninké : Senegal), Pez-gato (Spanish) | Kambale / Kambale Mumi / Kambali / Mlamba / Mumi (Swahili: Tanzania), Afrikansk Vandrarmal (Swedish), T-nima (Themne: Sierra Leone), Betakay (Tigrigna: Ethiopia), Bomu / Bwituka / Chibomu (Tonga: Malawi), Bomu / Chibomu (Tumbuka: Malawi), Singre (Turkana: Kenya), Bavhuri (Venda: South Africa), Bambara / Toucouleurs / Yess (Wolof: Senegal), Bombe (Yao: Malawi), Aro (Yoruba: Nigeria), Tukpe (Zande: Sudan) | Mangwana / Ndombe-Mbundamusheke / Skerptand-baber / Skerptandbaber (Afrikaans), Ambaza / Key asa (Amharic: Ethiopia), Abu shanab / Balbout / Garmut / Karmut (Arabic), Mulonge / Muta (Bemba: Zambia), Kerickovec jihoafrický (Czech), Afrikansk ålemalle (Danish), Attek / Cik (Dinka, Northeastern: Sudan), Afrikaanse meerval (Dutch), Lokate (El Molo: Kenya), Barbel / Catfish / Common catfish / North African catfish / Mudfish / Sharptooth catfish / Sharptoothed catfish (English), Suur angersäga (Estonian), Andouma (Fang: Gabon), Jättikonnamonni (Finnish) Poisson-chat nord-africain / Silure (French) .
  • Condition / length-weight relationship : Dadebo et al., 2011 .
  • Current distribution known : species almost Pan-African, absent only from North Africa except Algeria, where it native to the streams in the Tolga oasis at the northern margin of the Sahara, as well as gueltas on the northern slopes of the Tassili n'Ajjer. It is also known from the Tibesti and Ennedi massives in Chad. It is in the Nile but absent from the upper and lower Guinea regions and the Cape province and probably also Nogal province. It has been introduced to other parts of Africa as well as to tropical and subtropical Asia. In the Middle East, it is native to the Asi and Jordan drainages and some coastal streams in Israel and the Azraq oasis .
  • Ecology : Bell-Cross, 1976 d | Bruton, 1977, 1979 c, 1979 d | Crass, 1963 c | Jubb, 1965 b | Williams, 1971 | Willoughby & Tweddle, 1978 .
  • Fisheries : Awachie, 1979 | Bailey, 1966 | Kiss, 1977 | Kudhongania, 1972 | Kudhongania & Cordone, 1974 a | Lévêque, 1979 | Mann, 1965, 1966, 1967 | Miton, 1966 | Stauch, 1977 | Tobor, 1973 .
  • Food habits : omnivorous bottom feeders which occasionally feed at the surface. Feed at night on a wide variety of prey like insects, plankton, invertebrates and fish but also take in young birds, rotting flesh and plants .
  • Food habits_references : Bruton, 1979 c | Bruton, 1988 | Carey, 1968 | Clay, 1979 a | Dadebo, 2000 | El Bolock, 1960 | Marshall, 2011 | Mwebaza-Ndawula, 1984 | Pham, 1976 | Sandon & Amin al Tayib, 1953 | Seegers, 1996 | Skelton, 1993 | Skelton, 2001 | Teugels, 1986b | Whitefield & Blaber, 1978 .
  • Genetics : Rognon et al., 1998 .
  • Growth / growth performance : Bishai, 1976 | Bruton, 1976 d | Bruton, 1988 | Bruton & Allanson, 1980 | Clay, - 1982 | El Bolock, 1972 | Kaiser et al., 1995 | Marshall, 2011 .
  • Habitat : adults occur mainly in quiet waters, lakes and pools and prefer rather shallow and swampy areas with a soft muddy substrate and calmer water. They may also occur in fast flowing rivers and in rapids .
  • Habitat_references : Bruton, 1988 | Seegers, 2008 | Skelton, 1993 | Skelton, 2001 | Teugels, 1986b .
  • Habits_references : Bruton, 1978, 1979 e | Donnelly, 1973 | Donnelly, 1978 .
  • Morphology / anatomy : Agnèse et al., 1997 | Bruton, 1988 | Hanssens, 2009 | Marshall, 2011 | Rognon et al., 1998 | Seegers, 1996 | Seegers, 2008 | Skelton, 1993 | Skelton, 2001 | Skelton & Teugels, 1991 | Skelton & Teugels, 1992 | Sorensen, 1883 | Teugels, 1986b | Teugels, 1992a | Teugels, 2003a | Teugels et al., 2007 .
  • Osteology : Monod, 1968 b | Nawar, 1954 .
  • Parasites : Hassan et al., 2007 | Marshall, 2011 | Onye et al., 2004 | Paperna, 1996 | Thurston, 1970 | Vanhove et al., 2018 .
  • Pathology : Emikpe et al., 2011 .
  • Physiology : Abdel Magid & Babiker, 1975 | Al Gauhari, 1958, 1959 | Babiker 1979 | Moussa, 1957 .
  • Population biology / population structure : Clay, 1979 a .
  • Reproduction : oviparous. Spawning takes place during the rainy season in flooded deltas. The fishes make a lateral migration towards the inundated plains to breed and return to the river or lake soon afterwards while the juveniles remain in the inundated area. Juveniles return to the lake or river when they are between 1.5 and 2.5 cm long. First sexual maturity occurs when females are between 40-45 cm and males between 35-40 cm. Eggs are greenish .
  • Reproduction_references : Aboul Ela, Amer & El Bolock, 1973 | Achten, 1981 | Albaret, 1979 | Bruton, 1979 b | Bruton, 1988 | Carey & Bell-Cross, 1967 | Clay, 1979 b | Dadebo, 2000 | Dadebo et al., 2011 | Gaigher, 1977 | Holl, 1966, 1968 | Marshall, 2011 | Nugent, 1976 | Seegers, 1996 | Seegers, 2008 | Skelton, 1993 | Skelton, 2001 .
  • Size : 1700 mm SL, 60 kg .
  • Types :
    • CIarias malaris: Nichols & Griscom, 1917: 705, fig. Type locality: "Stanleyville, Republic of Congo". Holotype AMNTH n° 6.441.
    • Clarias capensis Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840: 377. Type locality: "Cap de Bonne-Espérance" (erroneous locality). Holotype MNHN n° A-9431.
    • Clarias depressus: Myers, 1925: 12. Type locality "Ca. 6 km W of Addagalla, Abano river, Abyssinia". Holotype AMNH n° 8.204; paratype AMNH n° 20.934 (1).
    • Clarias guentheri Pfeffer, 1896: 28. Type locality: "Sansibar". No type material.
    • Clarias lazera Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840: 372. Type locality: "Nil". Holotype MNHN n° 1.578.
    • Clarias longiceps Boulenger, 1899 g: 103, fig. Type locality: "Marais de Boma, Congo". Syntypes MRAC n° 902-922 (21) & BMNH n° 1899.11.27: 15-17 (3).
    • Clarias macracanthus Günther, 1864 a: 16. Type locality: "Nile". Syntypes BMNH n° 1855.12.26: 453 & BMNH n° 1862.6.17: 51.
    • Clarias microphthalmus Pfeffer, 1896: 28. Type locality: "Mbake, Ugogo, Bubu, Deutsch Ost-Afrika". Holotype ZMHU no 7.996.
    • Clarias moorii: Boulenger, 1901 d: 13. Type locality: "Lake Albert Nyanza". Holotype BMNH n° 1906.9.7: 47.
    • Clarias mossambicus Peters, 1852: 681. Type locality: "Tette, Mozambique". Syntypes (2) ZMHU n° 6.591-6.592.
    • Clarias notozygurus: Lönnberg & Rendahl, 1922: 125, fig. 3-4. Type locality: "Lukosi, a tributary to Luala, Lower Congo". Holotype NRMS n° 9.933.
    • Clarias orontis Günther, 1864 a: 15. Type locality: "Orontes". Holotype BMNH n° 1855.6.25: 3.
    • Clarias robecchii Vinciguerra, 1893: 450. Type locality: "Uebi Scebeli, Somalia". Syntypes MSNG n° 8.138 (2).
    • Clarias smithii Günther, 1896 c: 219, fig. Type locality: "Uebi Shebeli, Somaliland". Holotype BMNH n° 1895.12.31: 65.
    • Clarias syriacus Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840: 375. Type locality: "Syrie". Holotype MNHN n° A-9426.
    • Clarias tsanensis: Boulenger, 1902 f: 438. Type locality: "Lake Tsana, Abyssinië". Syntypes BMNH n° 1902.12.13: 441-443 (3).
    • Clarias vinciguerrae: Boulenger, 1902 f: 438. Type locality: "Awhorra, Kassam river, Abyssinia". Holotype BMNH n° 1902.12.13: 444.
    • Clarias xenodon: Günther, 1864 a: 16. Type locality: "West Africa (Niger)". Holotype BMNH n° 1863.7.20: 2.
    • Macropteronotus anguillaris (part.): Rüppell, 1829: 5. Type locality: "Nil".
    • Macropteronotus charmuth (part.) Lacépède, 1803: 84. Type locality: "Nil". No type material.
    • Silurus (Heterohranchus) gariepinus Burchell, 1822: 425, fig. XVII. Type locality: "Banks of the Gariep". (= Orange). Neotype (designated by Bruton & Teugels, 1984).
  • Use and trade : species of major economic importance all over its range and it is even an important aquaculture species .
  • Zoological_nomenclature : Skelton & Teugels, 1992 .